单词8

一 宗教相关

1． chaos 混沌之神

2． Pluto冥界之神 冥河之宝藏 plutocracy 财阀统治 3． lethe 忘川 lethargic 昏昏欲睡的

4． hector 赫可多 Troy的大王子，英勇善战，而且好折磨人 hector折磨 5． Spartan 艰苦朴素的

6． stentor 荷马史诗中的人，声音很洪亮 stentor 声音洪亮的

7． procrustean 普洛克拉斯提斯 (这个人有个特点，即把人放到铁床上，比床长的人就剁掉长的部

分，比床短的地方就拉长) 强求一致的

8． protean 变化多端的 （来自海神 proteus 普洛修斯 他性格变化无常） 9． iridescent 光辉灿烂的 （来自iris 彩虹之神）

10． lunar 月亮女神 lunatic 疯的 （古代人认为人体随天体变化而变化，那些疯子会在月亮出的

时候发作）

11． history（his＋story，历史本来是记录男人的故事的），histrionic 演戏的 12． moneta 护钱之女神 money mint（造币长） 13． confession box 忏悔箱

14． purgatory 炼狱 inferno 无间地域 eternal return 永劫轮回

佛教的四个道：加行道――无间道――解脱道――胜劲道――涅槃（nirvana 圆寂）

《Infernal Affairs》――无间道不是指这个无间道，而是指“无间地域 inferno”－undercover（卧底）仿《Internal Affairs》取名为infernal affairs Halloween 万圣节前夜 10.31 All Saints’ Day 万圣节 11.1

All Soul’s Day 万灵节 11.2，万灵节：Commemoration of all the faithful departed（逝去的信徒），所以马丁.斯科西塞在翻拍无间道的时候取了《The Departed》这个英文名字

14．Master主 ; Redeemer救主; Savior救主; Eden伊甸园; sin罪; Old testament旧约; priest 牧师;the Son圣子; Holy spirit圣灵; worship崇拜; prayer祷告 ;heaven天堂 ;hell地狱;meditation默想;temptation诱惑;sacrifice祭品;mercy仁爱;condemn定罪;amen但愿如此;zion锡安山;redemption救赎；chapel n. 小礼拜堂 attend chapel v.礼拜 church教堂 clergy 牧师 disciple 门徒 hymn 赞美诗 choir 唱诗班 cross 十字架 holly bible 圣经 Satan n. 撒旦,魔鬼

15．Eureka (尤里卡，I find it，当然阿基米德发现浮力原理时说的那句话) eu－好，欧洲科技复兴计划――尤里卡计划 二 生活习惯 一） 打扑克常用的词语

ace 第一 shuffle 洗牌，内阁重组 follow suit 出同一花色，照做 trump 王牌 stake 下赌注 bid 叫牌 bluff 拿着一副坏牌在那里虚张声势（皇家赌场） show hand 亮底牌 cue 暗示 from scratch 重新再来，从头再来 二） mason泥瓦匠 blacksmith 铁匠 silversmith 银匠 （猪肉荣）

共济会：Freemason mason经过七年的时间才可以修炼成为master，他们有固定的落脚的地方（lodge），后来就成为会所了。 三） 由ped到pet

1. ped 走 pedestrian 徒步的，引申为迂腐的 2. ped与脚有关

3. ped与儿童有关 pediatrics 儿科

4. ped文体 pace 步法，步子； pawn 动物脚 5. ped，foot 双脚合并成pet，追求

appetite petition compete petulant perpetuate propitious（吉兆的） 四） 一个人的一生 hatch（出生），engage（订婚），match（结婚），dispatch（死亡）

shortgun 奉子成婚 wedlock 结婚的状态

bachelor’s party 告别单身聚会（男） wedding shower 告别单身聚会（女） 三 单词串讲

301．labile: stable 不稳定的:稳定的 302．lachrymose: gladness 悲伤:快乐 303．lackluster: radiant 无光的:发光的

（1）The author’s theory about modern design had an enormous impact when first published,

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but as___ as it was then, it is now clearly____. (A) scholarly, erudite (B) lackluster, impressive (C) influential, outdated (D) primitive, antiquarian (E) prestigious, masterful

（2）Pete ------his coach when he followed up his winning season with a -------- performance this year.

A. thrilled …poor B. upset ….charming

C. disappointed … lackluster D. relieved …pale

304．laconic/terse/succinct: loquacious/verbose/garrulous 简明的:多嘴的

(1) Even though the critics praised the author’s ------- use of words, they found the text------ at a mere 100 pages.

A. improper … laconic B. precise ….short

C. hackneyed … threadbare D. sure … banal

(2) By nature Toshiro was___, given to striking up casual conversations with strangers he encountered at bus stops or check-out stands. A. diffident B. observant C. reticent D. gregarious E. laconic

(3) A model of ------- behavior, Cunningham never ate or drank to excess. (A) temperate (B) laconic (C) duplicitous (D) aesthetic (E) voluble 不要错选了D，因为aesthetic赫ascetic长得太像了

（4）Convinced by critics that his play was too verbose, Johnson__ the third act, making it

more___.

(A) expanded, concise (B) curtailed, prolix

(C) promulgated, insouciant (D) abbreviated, succinct (E) fostered, pliant

（5）You should ----- this paragraph in order to make your essay more -----. A. delete ….. succinct B. enlarge … redundant C. remove … discursive D. revise … abstruse E. excise … legible

（6）Mrs. Grundy will not tolerate tardiness, so her students must be _______.

A. prompt B. succinct C. late D. neat

（7）Professor Yang’s article was unusually____, but its brevity did not conceal the importance of her discovery.

(A) complex (B)cerebral (C)irrelevant (D)terse (E) ambitious

（8）The essay was both ------- and ------- : although concise, it was profoundly moving. (A) meandering . . denigrating (B) compact . . enervating

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(C) fictional . . touching

(D) argumentative . . rationalistic (E) terse . . poignant

（9）Many writers of the 20th century were influenced by Hemingway’s___ writing style and consequently discontinued the___ language characteristic of the 19th century novel.

A. sparse, verbose B. dull, insipid

C. peaceful, descriptive D. complete, florid sparse<>verbose

(10) He is much too____ in his writings: he writes a page when a sentence should suffice. (A) devious (B) lucid (C) verbose (D) efficient (E)pleasure

(11) The panelist was extremely ------- to the other members of the discussion, referring to them as “ignorant demagogues.”

A. deferential B. contentious C. respectful D. garrulous 305．languid: energetic 懒散的:有精力的

306．latent/potential : manifest 潜在的:清楚的

(1)Jamal found the movie stubs lying on the counter to be__ evidence that his friends had gone to the cinema without him; it was unquestionable that they had seen Spiderman.

(A) immaterial (B) potential (C) incriminating (D) nominal (E) indisputable

(2) The opossum is___ the venom of snakes in the rattlesnake subfamily and thus views the reptiles not as__ enemies but as a food source.

A. vulnerable to, natural B. conscious of, mortal C. impervious to, lethal D. sensitive to, deadly

E. defenseless against, potential

(3) She kept her late parents’ furniture, not for any__ value it had, but for purely___ reasons. A. potential, monetary B. ornamental, aesthetic C. financial, pecuniary D. intrinsic, sentimental E. personal, accidental

(4) The archaeologist believed the coin she unearthed was ------- evidence, unquestionable proof that the site dated to the fourth century.

(A) immaterial (B) potential (C) incriminating (D) nominal (E) indisputable

(5) The damage caused by the rampant corruption was ------: the company’s reputation was nearly ------- before anyone realized it was having an effect. (A) manifest … eradicated (B) nefarious … polarized (C) insidious … destroyed

(D) methodical … amalgamated (E) obvious … stagnated

(6)The severe structural damage caused by the corrosion occurred in such___ manner that the ultimate___ of the building came as a complete surprise. (A) a manifest, eradication (B) a nefarious, polarization

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(C) an insidious, destruction (D) a methodical, amalgamation (E) an obvious, stagnation

insidious是前面讲义中没有提到过的单词 insidious：beguiling but harmful 隐伏但是有危害 307．lavish: impecunious 过分丰富的:贫穷的

308．laze: travail 懒散:辛勤劳动 travail （vail努力） 309．legendary: obscure 有名的，传说中的:无名的 310．lethargy: animate 无生气的:有生气的

（1）Although Henry was not in general a sentimental man, occasionally he would feel a touch of____ for the old days and would contemplate making a brief excursion to Boston to revisit his childhood friends.

(A) exasperation (B) chagrin (C) nostalgia (D) lethargy (E)anxiety

（2）They insist that, far from displaying the negative effects of lethargy and feebleness seen in other animals known to be genetically homogeneous, cheetahs are in many ways quite robust. 311．levity: seriousness 轻浮:庄重

Though the politician’s inauguration was a generally__ occasion, it was not without moments of__, including a few jokes during her acceptance speech.

(A) grim, cleverness (B) exciting, curiosity (C) mirthful, humor (D) solemn, levity (E) sober, gravity

312．liberal: meager/parsimonious 慷慨的:贫乏的

As a child, Mary-------- her stringent upbringing; however, as she grew older she began to appreciate her grandmother’s strict--------. (A)Tolerated … autonomy (B)despised…discipline (C)embraced …authority (D)disavowed… abstinence (E)loathed...liberality

313．lingering: fleeting 逗留的:短暂的 314．lugubrious: jovial 悲惨的:快活的 315．luxuriant: Spartan 奢华的:简朴的

316．malleable: intractable 可延展性的: 不易管教的 317．manipulate: guileless/occult 假造:不狡猾的

Paul believed that life should be -------; every day should be filled with exciting, unpredictable, and completely ------ activities. A. a model ….pragmatic

B. an adventure… spontaneous C. unique …anticipated D. manipulated …forced

318．martinet: indulgent person 规律严肃的人:放纵的人

319．maverick: follower/conform to tradition 不服从的人:遵从传统 320．measly: grand 低贱的:极重要的

321．measurable: unfathomable 可测量的:无法测量的

The many respect living native Americans remain as mysterious, exotic, and unfathomable to their contemporaries at the end of the twentieth century as they were to the pilgrim settlers over three hundred fifty years ago.

322．measured: reckless 仔细考虑的:草率的 323．mechanical: emotional 呆板的:易动感情的 324．meek: unyielding 温顺的:不屈的

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325．mellifluous/melodious: raspy/jarring/raucous 声音甜美的:刺耳的

Canaries are often said to have___ voices because they make such sweet, harmonious sounds. (A) insistent (B) unnatural (C) melodious (D) inaudible (E) strident

326．mendacity: candor/veracity/honesty 谎言:坦白

The entrepreneur had a well-deserved reputation for-------, having accurately anticipated many changes unforeseen by established business leaders.

(A) prescience (B) sincerity (C) avarice (D) complicity (E) mendacity 通过学过的词根学知识记忆prescient

327．mercurial/mischievous : constant 易变的/淘气的:不变的

（1）The children's ---- natures were in sharp contrast to the even-tempered dispositions of their parents.

(A) mercurial (B) blithe (C) phlegmatic (D) introverted (E) artless

（2）In the classroom, Carol was unusually___; on the playground, however, she became as intractable as the other children. (A) optimistic (B) mercurial (C) magnanimous (D) taciturn (E) docile

（3）Tame koala bears handled by tourists are___, but wild koalas are hard to control and typically require two people to hold them.

(A) mischievous (B) gluttonous (C) supple (D) adroit (E) docile

328．methodical: haphazard 系统的:偶然的 329．meticulous: carelessness 细心的:初心的 330．miff: please 小的争执:讨好，和解 331．migratory: sedentary 迁移的:久坐的

Noting the murder victim’s flaccid musculature and pearlike figure, she deduced that the unfortunate fellow had earned his living in some _______occupation.

A) treacherous B) prestigious C) ill-paying D) illegitimate E) sedentary 332．misgiving: certainty 疑虑:必然

Even though the large computer company seems to have cornered the personal computer and software market, the CEO insists that his company has no___ the industry. (A) interest in

(B) misgivings about (C) monopoly on (D) responsibility in (E) consensus on

333．mockery: tribute 嘲弄:尊重

334．monotonous: piebald 单调的:花斑的

The salesman’s speech was so ------- that nearly everyone in the room purchased something. A. monotonous B. persuasive C. unique D. damaging 335．morbid: hale/salubrious/verdant 病态的:健康的

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(1) Was not Europe in its groping era of discovery in the fifteenth century in fact in search of salvation, as its morbid sonnets said, or of that regeneration which new lands and new peoples and of course new riches would be presumed to provide?

(2) He displayed a nearly pathological__, insisting on knowing every detail of his friends’ lives. (A) orderliness (B) credulity (C) curiosity (D) shyness (E) morbidity 336．moribund : hale/beginning/currency/nascent 垂死的:健康的

Oren missed the play’s overarching significance, focusing instead on details so minor that they would best be described as -----.

A. pragmatic B. indelible C. moribund D. picayune E. impervious 337．morose: cheerful 郁闷的，乖僻的:高兴的，爽快的 338．motley: unvaried 杂色的:没变化的

The café attracts a__ clientele: a startlingly heterogeneous group of people collects there.

(A) Motley (B) Callous (C) Languid (D) Mysterious (E) humane

339．myopic/shortsighted: prescient 短见的:预见的

（1）The professor highlighted the importance of ___ the experiences of many different ethnic groups when he warned against ___ policies which fail to consider the wide variety of cultural standards.

(A) portraying--- discriminatory (B) considering---myopic (C)remembering---alluring (D)delineating---captivating (E)disparaging—pedantic 340．mysterious: scrutable 神秘而不可知的:可了解的 341．nadir: acme/summit 最低点:顶点

342．nascent: fully established 初期:完全建立

343．nebulous: limpid/distinct/unambiguous/clear out 模糊的:清楚的，明显的 344．nefarious: beneficial/exemplary/virtuous 邪恶的:仁慈的 345．noncommittal: confirm 不能确定:确定

Mary Ellen Pleasant, as a ------- supporter of Black emancipation before the Civil War, spurned politicians

who advocated quiet dissent.

(A) cavalier (B) vociferous (C) sanguine (D) premature (E) noncommittal 这个题我是查了好多词典才找到这道题的答案

cavalier：given to haughty disregard of others，正好对应spurn：reject with contempt 注意以后这种题目不会经常出现，因为cavalier确实经常义项只有“骑士” 350．noxious: salubrious 有害的:有益健康的 351．numb: sensation 麻木:感觉

352．obfuscate: elucidate 使迷惑◇阐明，说明

In response to the students’ confused expressions, the teacher attempted to__ the subject with a clear example.

(A) extricate (B) evade

(C) comprehend (D) elucidate (E) obfuscate

353．oblivious: mindful 忘却的:留意的

oblivious（ob不再，liv，life，不再记住） consign….to oblivion

She found her work so__ that she lost herself in it and was completely___ the noise surrounding her.

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(A) inspiring, annoyed by (B) complex, involved in (C) absorbing, oblivious to (D) exhausting, taken with (E) repetitive, afraid of

354. obscure: elucidate 使含糊:阐明 355．obtuse: insightful 愚笨的:有深刻见解的 356．occluded: unobstructed 闭塞的:不闭塞的 357．offhand: premeditated 即兴的:预谋的 358．opacity: transparency 不透明:透明

359．opportune: inappropriate 适宜的:不适当的 360．ostentation: artlessness 卖弄:朴实 ostentatious: unassuming 炫耀卖弄的:谦逊的

Though some assert that all behavior is learned, there are others who hold that some behaviors are -----, existing before any learning occurs.

A. ostentatious B. innate C. durable D. cultural

361．ostracize: welcome 排斥:欢迎

Advocates of free speech argue that in order to__ the right of Americans to express their opinions, no citizen who expresses unpopular sentiments should be__. (A) maximize, divulged (B) ensure, ostracized (C) diminish, inhibited (D) elucidate, restricted (E) embellish, praised

362．overbearing: meek 傲慢的:谦逊的 363．pacific: truculent 和平的:好战的 364．palliate: exacerbate 减轻:加重 365．pandemonium: serene 喧嚣:宁静 366．panoramic: narrow 全景的:狭窄的

Despite the markings that ranked the trail as moderately difficult, the hikers found the trek to be challenging as the path was__; it meandered ceaselessly around the riverbank for miles.

(A) panoramic (B) precipitous (C) serpentine (D) circumscribed (E) retrograde

precipitous：陡峭的（pre向前＋cip落） 367．paradoxical: common 荒谬的:普通的 368．patent: abstruse 显然的:深奥的

369．pedestrian: imaginative 缺乏想象的:富于想象的 不要和pedantic混淆了，pedantic：marked by a narrow focus on or display of learning especially its trivial aspects，卖弄学问的，此外也不要和didactic（教诲的，说教的）相混淆。

（1）Dr. Schwartz’s lecture on art, while detailed and scholarly, focused___ on the premodern; some students may have appreciated his specialized knowledge, but those with more____ interests may have been disappointed.

(A) literally--- medieval (B) completely--- pedantic (C) expansively--- technical

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(D) voluminously---- creative (E)exclusively--- comprehensive （2）We were amazed that a man who had been heretofore the most__ of public speakers could, in a single speech, electrify an audience and bring them cheering to their feet.

(A) enthralling (B) accomplished (C) pedestrian (D) auspicious (E) masterful

（3）The dispute became so ------ that we were afraid the adversaries would come to blows. A. ironic B. generalized C. didactic D. articulate E. acrimonious

（4）The teacher’s authority was not------; students frequently ------and had to be sent to the principal for discipline. A. helpful…reviewed B. didactic …answered C. realistic …supported D. complete …misbehaved

370．peerless: equality 无可匹敌的:同等

371．peevish: good-natured 脾气坏的:好脾气的 372．pejorative: laudatory 贬低的:赞美的

The campus police who monitored the demonstrations had little respect for the student protesters, generally speaking of them in__ terms.

A. hyperbolic B. euphemistic C. pejorative D. derivative E. uncertain 373．penchant: aversion 嗜好:厌恶 复习chant结尾的单词，复习四大趋势(propensity for, tendency to, disposition on, penchant for) 374. penitent: unremorseful 后悔的:不后悔的 pent 词根，后悔（变体punct），所以词语compunction，repent，penitent都表示后悔的意思。

375．penurious: lavish 吝啬的:浪费的

pen本来表示羽毛，因为英国人用羽毛来做笔，所以pen有钢笔的意思，同时pen还表示钱财

376．peremptory: open to challenge 不容反抗的:接受挑战的 参第一讲讲义

377．perish: survive 毁灭:幸存 378．perspicacious: dull 敏锐的:迟钝的

The contract negotiations were often surprisingly___, deteriorating at times into a welter of accusations and counteraccusations.

A. perspicacious B. phlegmatic C. sedate D. acrimonious E. propitious

379．pertinent: irrelevant 相关的:无关系的 380．philistine: aesthete 庸人:审美家 参第五讲

381．phlegmatic: lively/spirited/vivacious 迟钝的，冷静的:活泼的 382．pinpoint: exam cursorily 精确地定位:粗略的检查

pinpoint：to discover or explain exactly the real facts about something or the cause of a problem They need to pinpoint exactly what skills are necessary 383．placate: antagonize 抚慰:反抗 来自于词根plac，参见第一讲 384．plethora: dearth 过剩:缺乏

（1）At the present time, we are suffering from ---of stories about the war; try writing about another subject.

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(A) a calumny (B) a dearth (C) an insurgence (D) a plethora (E) an inhibition

（2）In her writings about language, the poet Gloria Anzaldúa celebrates the ------- of English and Spanish dialects spoken by Mexican Americans, arguing that such -------lends an empowering flexibility to expression.

(A) multiplicity . . variety (B) proliferation . . moderation (C) ambivalence . . focus (D) dearth . . depletion (E) abridgment . . imitation 385．pliable: rigid 柔软的:刚硬的

来自于ply，如apply，comply（compliant 遵守的） pliant: obdurate 易受影响的:倔强的

Orangutans are___ apes: they typically conduct most of their lives up in the trees of tropical rain forests.

(A) indigenous (B) transitory (C) recessive (D) pliant (E) arboreal

386．polarize: coalesce 两极分化:结合 387．postulate: deny as false 假设是真的:否认为假的

The two-cultures approach postulates that difficulties in communication between men and women arise because of a clash of conversational styles. 388．precipitate: retard/dilatory 匆促的:减速/不慌不忙的 389．（1）precipitous: level /gradually sloping 陡峭的:逐渐倾斜 （2）precursory: derivative 先驱的:衍生的

390．preeminent: negligible 卓越的:可忽略的，不重要的 391．（1）prevalent: unusual 普遍的:与众不同的

Homework is prevalent predominantly in rural areas. （2）procrastination: diligence 推迟，拖延:勤勉 392．proficient: inept 精通的:无能的

Although just barely ---- as a writer of lucid prose, Jones was an extremely ---- editor who worked superbly with other writers in helping them improve the clarity of their writing. (A) deficient.. muddling (B) proficient.. contentious (C) adequate.. capable (D) appalling.. competent (E) engaging.. inept 393．profundity: superficiality 深刻:肤浅 394．profuse: scanty 极其丰富的:缺乏的 395．prolong: truncate 延长:截短 396．propensity: aversion 倾向:厌恶

As a young physics instructor, Richard Feynman discovered that he had the gift of sharing his___ his subject and making that excitement____.

(A) passion for, contagious (B) knowledge of, inaudible (C) contempt for, praiseworthy (D) propensity for, futile

(E) commitment to, impersonal 397．propitious: unfavorable 吉利的:不利的 398．prosperous: depressed 繁荣的:萧条的 399．prostrate: upright 伏地的:垂直的 400．protean: static 变化不定的:固定的

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