2019-2020同步译林英语必修四新突破讲义：Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Language points(Ⅰ)

points(Ⅰ)(Welcome to the unit & Reading)

Ⅰ.单词拼写

根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。

1．My grandparents have become tired of urban (城市的)life. 2．At last they were able to feel secure(有把握的)about the future.

3．We should care more about the disabled (有残疾的) and give them as much help as we can.

4．The famous director was working in the studio (工作室)when it began to rain. 5．Can you telephone me at your convenience(方便) to arrange a meeting? 6．Only by working hard and never giving up can we make our dream a reality．7．I was asked to give a short presentation on the aims of the plan. 8．Greatly disappointed at the result，he went away.

Jack，Badly injured in the accident，finally learnt to live with his disability. 9．

10．I'm confident that you will get the job. Ⅱ.拓展词汇

根据词性和汉语提示写出下列单词。

1．present v．展现，展示→presentation n．展示，介绍；颁发；提交，出示 2．real adj.真实的→really adv.事实上，真实地→reality n．现实，事实 3．happy adj.快乐的→happily adv.快乐地→happiness n．幸福，快乐 disappoint vt.使失望→ disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．4．失望→disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的

disable v．5．使丧失能力→disabled adj.有残疾的；丧失能力的→disability n．无能

[寻规律、巧记忆]

n.＋-al→adj. n.＋-free→adj. original adj.原始的，最初的 personal adj.个人的 power-free adj.不用电的 powder-free adj.不用洗衣粉的 additional adj.额外的，附加的 duty­free adj.免税的 Ⅲ.补全短语 根据提示补全下列短语。 1．connect with 2．add to 3．give out 4．put forward 5．in reality 6．carry out 7．in the long term 8．compared with/to 9．for fun 10．as to Ⅳ.选词填空

选用上述短语的适当形式填空。

1．I enjoy swimming.But as to my brother，he enjoys playing football. 2．The heavy rain added to the difficulty in saving the buried people. 3．Compared with his handwriting，my handwriting is much worse. 4．She put forward a good plan which shocked all the people present. 5．My grandpa finally carried out his promise to give up smoking. [寻规律、巧记忆]

come＋prep.→动词短语 v.＋to(介)→动词短语 和……有联系 增加；增添

发出(气味、热、光等) 提出，提议 在现实中，实际上 执行，实施；履行 长期 和……相比较 为了好玩 至于，关于

come across偶遇；被理解 add to增加，增添 come about发生 come from来自，起源于 lead to导致，产生，通向 turn to转向，求助于

背教材原句 1.Not only will he or she feel every step of climbing Mount Qomolangma，but the user will also experience the cold，smells，sights and sounds of the not only位于句首surrounding environment... 使用者不仅能感受到攀登珠穆朗玛峰的每一步的艰辛，还能体验到周围环境的寒冷、气味、景观和声音…… 2....he or she will enjoy a feeling of upon/on(doing)sth.happiness and a sense of achievement “upon reaching the top. 一……就……”，该结构Upon/On arriving 的倒装句 记句式结构 仿写促落实 Not only was the poor drunken driver fined，but also he would be in prison all his life. 这个可怜的醉酒司机不仅被罚款，而且还要坐一辈子牢。 home，I at once helped my parents with the farm work. 一到家，我立刻帮助父母干农活。 Our English teacher ……到达顶峰时，他们将会享受到一种在句中作时间状愉悦感和成就感。 语。 3.RealCine works by making the users feel that they are really in a new world... RealCine的工作原理是让使用者觉得宾补”结构 自己身处真实的新世界中…… make us feel that she “make＋宾语＋is our close friend. 我们的英语老师使我们感觉到她是我们亲密的朋友。

It is often said that if you 4.In scientific studies it has been shown that VR can be a good treatment for people who have social problems. 科学研究表明，虚拟现实可以为有社交障碍的人提供一种好的治疗。 “It＋be＋过去分词＋that...”句型 want to understand a culture，you should listen to their folk tales. 常听人说，假如你想了解某个文化，就应该聆听他们的民间故事。

reality n．现实，事实

(教材P42)Virtual reality could be used in many aspects of our life. 虚拟现实可以应用于我们生活的很多方面。 (1)in reality (2)real adj. really adv. realistic adj. realize vt. 事实上，实际上 真实的，真正的 真正地，事实上，的确 现实的；实际的；逼真的 实现；意识到 ①I tried my best to bring him back to reality. 我尽了最大努力让他面对现实。

②In reality，violent crimes are still extremely rare. 实际上，暴力犯罪还是极罕见的。

③Marty has been working really(reality)hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.

马蒂的确一直在努力写书，他认为周五就能完成。 add to使增强，使增加，使扩大

(教材P42)To add to the virtual world of RealCine，the headsets even have small openings that give out smells to match the environment.

给RealCine虚拟世界锦上添花的是，耳机上甚至还有一些小孔，可以释放出与环境相匹配的气味。

add to add up add...to... add up to 使增强，使增加，使扩大 把……加起来 把……添加到…… 总计为，合计达 ①Add up your scores and see how many points you get. 累加你的分数，看你能得多少分。 ②Shall I add your name to the list? 我可以把你的名字写进名单吗？ ③Three and six add(s) up to nine. 三加六等于九。 [图形助记]

“增加”知多少

[语境助记]

The president said it was not easy to manage a company，adding that the financial crisis added to the difficulties.However，the dormitory for the workers must be added to and they would add a toilet to each room.The week before，he added up all the expenses and the total added up to more than 100，000 yuan.

董事长说经营一个公司不容易，再加上金融危机增加了困难。然而，工人的宿舍必须扩建而且每个房间要加个厕所。这周前，他合计了一下花费，总额达到10万元之多。

confident adj.自信的；肯定的，有把握的

(教材P43)This encouraged him to become more confident around others. 这鼓励他在周围人面前变得更加自信。 (1)be/feel confident about... 对……自信/有信心

be confident of be confident that... (2)confidence n. have/lack confidence in... with confidence 对……有把握 对……有把握 自信心，自信 对……有/缺乏信心 充满信心地 ①I'm quite confident that I can help you learn Mandarin.我很有信心能帮你学习普通话。

②Tom was confident of/about his ability to get a good job for himself. 汤姆自信有能力为自己找到一份好工作。

③Our goal is to prepare students to go into the business world with confidence. 我们的目标是帮助学生做好准备，满怀信心地进入商界。

(教材P43)An argument has been put forward that some users will be disappointed by RealCine because VR is not real.

有争论提出说有些使用者对RealCine感到失望，因为虚拟现实毕竟不是真实的。

(1)put forward提出(建议、计划等)，提议；推荐，提名； 把……向前拨；把……提前

写出下列句子中put forward的意思

①Most people present at the meeting don't support the plan put forward by the committee.提出

②My watch was slow，so I put it forward by three minutes.拨快 ③I'll put you forward as a candidate.推荐 put away put aside put down put off put on put out 收拾起来，放好 储蓄 放下；记下；平息(叛乱等) 推迟 穿上；上演 伸出；扑灭；生产

put up put sb./sth.through 挂起，张贴；举起，抬起；建造，搭起 给……接通电话；把……接到…… ④Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.今日事今日毕。 ⑤Could you put me through to the manager please? 请帮我找经理接一下电话好吗？

⑥The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. 经理提了个建议——我们应雇个助手。 (2)disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 (1)be disappointed in/with sb. be disappointed at sth. be disappointed that... (2)disappoint vt. disappointing adj. disappointment n. to one's disappointment 对某人感到失望 对某事感到失望 失望的是…… 使失望 令人失望的 失望 令某人失望的是 ⑦They were disappointed at the result of the game. 他们对比赛结果极为失望。

⑧The next day，we got a disappointing message that another buyer had offered a much higher price.

第二天，我们得到了一个让人失望的消息，另一个买主出了更高的价格。 ⑨I was disappointed to hear(hear) that the game had been cancelled. 听到取消这场比赛的消息我很失望。

⑩To our great disappointment(disappoint)，it rained on the day of the picnic. 使我们大失所望的是，野餐那天下起雨来了。

convenience n．[U]方便，便利；[C]便利的设施或用具

(教材P43)In reality，he is disabled and can no longer walk，but he was able to see and touch a lion while still in the convenience of the VR studio.

在现实中，他因为残疾已经不能走路，但是借助VR工作室里设备的便利，他能够看见并抚摸一头狮子。

(1)convenience n． 方便，便利；便利的设施或工具

at one's convenience for one's convenience(of) (2)convenient adj. be convenient for sb. 在某人方便的时候 为了某人的方便 便利的 对某人方便 It is convenient(for sb.) to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)方便 ①It was a great convenience to have the school so near. 学校这么近真是太方便了。

②We have provided seats for the convenience of our customers. 为方便顾客，我们备有座位。

③If you feel that I am suited for the job, please inform me of the time of an interview at your convenience. 如果你认为我适合这项工作，请在你方便的时候通知我面试时间。 ④Will it be convenient for you to come(come)in the morning? 你上午方便来吗？ [名师点津]

convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。如“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for you，而不是when you are convenient。

[语境助记]

It's a great convenience for me to live here.At my convenience，I can visit some of my favorite museums.Shopping is convenient for my wife.It is convenient for my son for his school is only two blocks away.If Sunday is convenient for you，to go to school，

be sure to come to get together.

住在这里对我来说真方便。我可以抽空去参观我所钟爱的几家博物馆；对我妻子来说购物很方便；儿子上学也很方便，因为学校只有两个街区的距离。要是你周日有空，一定要来聚一聚。

secure adj.安全的；有把握的；稳固的，坚固的 vt.获得；使安全

(教材P43)Besides this，VR can be used to practise skills in a secure environment that otherwise would be quite dangerous.

VR技术还可以应用于技能训练， 除此之外，使原本危险的训练环境变得安全。

(1)feel/be secure about 对……感到放心 be secure against/from (2)secure...against... (3)security n. a sense of security ①She has secured a good job. 她已经得到了一份好工作。

②The poor orphan doesn't feel secure about his future. 这个可怜的孤儿对他的未来感到不安。 ③Our house is secure from/against flood. 我们的房子没有被淹的危险。

④Her boyfriend couldn't provide her with a sense of security(secure)． 她的男朋友无法给她安全感。 injure vt.伤害，损害

(教材P43)For example，firefighters could use RealCine to train safely，without the risk of getting injured in a burning building.

比如，消防队员可以利用RealCine安全地进行训练，而不必冒着在燃烧的建筑物中受伤的危险。

(1)injury n． 损害，伤害 无……之虑 使安全，保护……免受(攻击、伤害 或损失) 安全 一种安全感 do sb.an injury＝do an injury to sb. (2)injured adj. the injured 使某人受伤害 受伤的 受伤者，伤员 ①...But now，because my left foot was injured，I cannot go with you as planned. ……但是现在因为我的左脚受伤了，所以我不能按计划和你一起去了。 ②Many of the injured are still in a serious condition. 许多伤员的状况仍然很严重。

③Be careful with that knife or you'll do yourself an injury(injure)． 当心那把小刀，别把自己弄伤了。

[明辨异同] injure，wound，hurt，harm injure wound hurt harm 多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害。 指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤。 多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛。 指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。意为“伤害，损害，有害于”。常用短语do harm to“对……有害”。 injure，wound，hurt，harm ④The soldier was wounded in the arm in the war. ⑤This bright light will do great harm to your eyes. ⑥I injured my leg badly in the football match. ⑦I never meant to hurt your feelings. [图形助记]

不同的“伤害”

compared with...和……相比

(教材P43)This kind of urban planning is in the long term cheaper and more practical，compared with the way most urban planning is done today.

长远来说，与现在大多数城市规划方式相比，这种城市规划方式更经济、更实用。

(1)compare...to... 把……比作…… compare...with... compared with/to 把……和……比较 和……相比 (2)beyond/without compare 无与伦比；无可比拟 (3)comparision n. in comparision with... make a comparision with... 比较；对照 和……相比较 和……相比较

①Living in a town can't compare with living in the country in many respects. 在许多方面城市生活比不上乡村生活。

②Compared(compare) to our small flat，Bill's house seemed like a palace. 和我们的小公寓相比，比尔的房子就像是宫殿。

③It is difficult to make a comparision(compare)with her previous book—they are completely different.

这很难与她以前的书相比——两者是截然不同的。 disadvantage n．缺点；不利因素，障碍

(教材P45)However，the cost of building a VR studio is quite high，and this seems like a real disadvantage.

然而，建一个VR工作室的费用相当高，这似乎是个真正的缺点。 (1)at a disadvantage put sb.at a disadvantage (2)advantage n. take advantage of (be)to one's advantage/disadvantage have/gain/win an advantage over sb. 胜过某人 对……有利/不利 处于不利地位 使某人处于不利地位 优势，优点，好处 乘机利用；欺骗 ①The present situation puts us at a serious disadvantage. 目前的形势使我们处于严重不利的地位。

②She took advantage of the children's absence to tidy their rooms. 她趁孩子们不在时收拾了他们的房间。

③Women are usually at a disadvantage(advantage) when hunting for jobs. 找工作时，女性通常处于不利地位。 ④What he said was to your advantage. 他所说的话对你有利。

(教材P42)Not only will he or she feel every step of climbing Mount Qomolangma，but the user will also experience the cold，smells，sights and sounds

of the surrounding environment...使用者不仅能感受到攀登珠穆朗玛峰的每一步的艰辛，还能体验到周围环境的寒冷、气味、景观和声音……

【要点提炼】 本句是not only...but(also)．..连接的并列句。由于not only位于句首，故第一个分句使用了倒装语序。

(1)not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”，连接并列成分，所强调的重点是后者。 (2)not only...but also...连接两个分句，并且not only置于句首时，含有not only的句子要用倒装语序，但but also后的句子仍用陈述语序。 (3)not only...but also...连接两个主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上与邻近的主语保持一致。 but it is ①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes，also responsible for those outcomes，too.

讨人喜欢不仅与积极生活的结果有关，而且也是造成那些结果的原因。 ②In communication，we should not only need politeness but also advocate sincerity.

在交流中，我们不仅需要讲究礼貌，也应倡导真诚。 ③Not only did he turn up late，but he also forgot his books. 他不仅来晚了，而且忘记带书了。

④Not only his friends but also he likes(like) playing football. 他和他的朋友们都喜欢踢足球。 [名师点津]

not only不能分开使用；but also既可以连用，也可以分开，also也可以省略；but also可用but...as well代替。

(教材P42)．..he or she will enjoy a feeling of happiness and a sense of achievement upon reaching the top．

……到达顶峰时，他们将会享受到一种愉悦感和成就感。

【要点提炼】 句中upon reaching the top属于“on/upon＋动名词”结构，该结构表示“一……(就……)”，通常在句中作时间状语，可转换成as soon as，immediately等引导的时间状语从句。若构成动名词的动词有对应的名词，那么该结构可用“on/upon one's＋名词”替换。

表示“一……就……”的句式还有： (1)immediately/directly＋从句 (2)the moment/minute/second/instant＋从句 (3)no sooner...than.../hardly(scarcely)．..when... ①Upon hearing the news of the air attack most people headed for the border. 一听到空袭的消息，大多数人便前往边境。 ②Hardly had I got home when I fell ill. 我一到家就病倒了。

③No sooner had I arrived at school than it began to rain.我刚到学校就下起了雨。[名师点津]

当hardly，no sooner位于句首时，它们所在的句子要使用部分倒装。 (教材P42)In scientific studies it has been shown that VR can be a good treatment for people who have social problems.

科学研究表明，虚拟现实可以为有社交障碍的人提供一种好的治疗。 【要点提炼】 It has been shown that...是“It＋be＋过去分词＋that...”句型。 (1)此句型中的it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语 (2)句中的过去分词常用said，thought，reported，believed，hoped，suggested等 (3)该句型大多可转换为“sb./sth.＋be＋过去分词＋to do”(hoped和suggested除外) ①It is hoped that the number of deer will increase soon.人们希望鹿的数量会很快增加。

②Lydia is believed never to tell (tell)lies. 我们相信莉迪娅绝不说谎。

③He is said to be studying(study)abroad. 据说他正在国外学习。

④The three foreigners are thought to have travelled(travel)a lot. 人们认为这三名外国游客去过很多地方。 [名师点津]

在“sb./sth.＋be＋过去分词＋to do”结构中，不定式可根据语境用进行式(不

定式动作正在进行)或完成式(不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前)。

(教材P42)The RealCine experience will amaze you，and you will agree that this 1．

is an extraordinary technology that deserves to be developed further.

【分析】 句中and连接两个并列分句。第一个that引导的从句作动词agree的宾语；第二个that引导定语从句修饰technology。

【翻译】 RealCine的经历会使你惊讶，你将会认同：这是一项非凡的技术，值得对其进行进一步开发利用。

2．(教材P42)RealCine works by making the users feel that they are really in a new world－a world that does not exist except in a computer program.

【分析】 句中第一个that引导动词feel的宾语从句；第二个that引导定语从句修饰world。

【翻译】 RealCine的工作原理是让使用者觉得自己身处真实的新世界中——一个只在电脑程序中存在的世界。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Please come to see me at your convenience. 2．He put his clock forward yesterday evening. 3．I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.

4．The teacher soon realized why the mother was so disappointed (disappoint) about the grade.

5．He was confident of succeeding(succeed)．

6．Evidence has been found through years of study that children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.

7．We were amazed (amaze) at his rapid recovery. 8．I met a disabled (disable) child in a wheelchair in a shop yesterday. 9．Compared(compare) to other girls, you are lucky. confident, but in reality (real) he's extremely shy. 10．Henry always seems so self-

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．On the guests' arrive at the school gate，we gave them a warm welcome.arrive→arriving/arrival

2．The horse covered the distance in six days comparing with the train's 28 hours.comparing→compared

3．The engine went out of order and the bad weather added up to the helplessness of the driver.去掉up

4．The picture hanging on the front wall really made all the visitors amazing.amazing→amazed

5．If he is convenient，I will go to see him and have a talk with him.he→it Ⅲ.完成句子

1．一听到他们不来了，我们感到很失望。

On/Upon hearing they were not coming，we felt disappointed.(on/upon doing) 2．对Tom来说开车去邮局很方便。

It is convenient for Tom to drive to the post office.(convenient) 3．你认为是谁帮我交了作业？

Who do you think helped me hand in my homework？(do you think) 4．这个年轻人不仅聪明而且勤劳。

Not only is this young man clever but he is hard working.(not only置于句首) 5．据报道，她是这个学校最好的老师之一。

It is reported that she is one of the best teachers in the school.(形式主语it)