自考英语复习资料

英语一直以来是大家比较头疼的课程，这里就为大家整理一些英语的复习资料，希望对大家的复

习有帮助。

英语（二）Examination Points

PART 1 Ten questions: 10% (keep phrases in mind 记短语) 1.How to be a successful language learner?

(active +independent +propose即积极性+独立性+目的性) 2. How do you understand the phrase in

“Americans just like other people must die” on the coner of dying?” It means largest 美国人也像其他人逃不过死的命运，是人都一样。 3. Which ocean is The largest Ocean ?→ Pacific

4. How to improve your memory except repetition(重复)。 5. blast into《蓝色地表》

6. Which group is suffer from TV. Violence → pre-school children

7. 什么因素可以影响我们作决定，无关的是什么？即personal belief 个人信仰 8. 可选择的——作出选择——决定 即：alterative----choice----decision 9． take into account考虑到

10. what’s the Black Hole? → A region of space

Whose theory can explain the Black Hole?……Einstein’s 11. Which country in Europe is permitted“安乐死”. Highly developed countries荷兰Holland/Netherland Ⅱ单词和结构20% 每题1分

1.Don’t leave your bike in the rain ,it will get rusty. 生锈的 2. 抱歉v. apologize

3. 你要获得帮助是不可能的. (out of the question) 4. 倒装； Hardly had I got home, ……

5. 万一他没来，我们推迟会议. in the event of ……(万一) 6. It occurred to me that…… 我突然想到…… 7. 虚拟 :没有你帮助，我的功课完不成。

Without your help, no lesson could have been finished . Or: The bridge could have never been built. 8. confirm 确认 I confirm sth is true.

9. 我们积极努力找出与事故相关的原因. be relation to 10. worth doing sth

It is worth taking some time to do sth. 11. It’s time we went(过去式) home.

13. I assure everything will be all right. 我保证一切没错。 14. 报价 offer price 15. 不配 doesn’t match

16. None of us know what happened 没一个人知道发生了什么事。

17. 如果没人提到他名字，我根本不可能。

Had sb not mentioned his name. I would have never recognized him. 18.though remembered

19. 他考试结果不稳定（不一致性 be not consistent with……） 20. 五分之四 four-fifths

21. 你必须24小时内把照片运到…… 不然(otherwise)你得不到passport Ⅲ reading (3篇短文30% 2分/题)

Passage A. e.g. What city is the capital of China locate? 园丁整理草坪，修剪树木（prune）修平、改善树的shape. Improve the shape of trees

The gardeners 剪稀(cut off)花木in order to 让树通风，有时

在修剪之后，喷 白色石灰水防虫（疾病）侵入 prevent the inserts from侵蚀树木.

那么，一个好园丁只要有必要when only necessary(everytime is necessary)，就可修，不一定在冬天。

Passage B 记忆力Memory

记忆力越好，知识越多，记忆力反映了知识水平，记忆力①memory is the ability to store your spirit for future use.②whose memory is larger ? human beings. human being’s larger than that of computer. ③如teen-agers → memory is strong Some animals (birds) → memory is simple ④With regard to memory 就记忆力而言 ⑤Memory is very important in our life. Passage C 世界人口

世界人口在增长，人类空间越来越有限，随着……增长，带来……的问题。 今后的耕地越来越少

① 人口增长原因：Living越来越longer 由于人多地少单位产量unit output/

②products越来越much higher/larger. 在人口密集区，迫使田地生产越来越多。 e.g. 我国东部、上海、浙江产值的期待值相对于醅更高。七年一循环

圣经上说，土地耕了七年要休一年（就象一周七天，要休息）the land will be tired. ③我们知道在北极洲Arctic Island开辟新land ④（作者描写/告诉我们一种现象phenomenon现象） 记叙文：

一人回忆过去，某天妈妈把他带到street ①（He was thinking about his boyhood）

②烤面包师在阳台balcony看到人来，就准备好，孩子闻到香味

文章主要讲Boss/Manager老板脸总是肿(Swollen cheek)的。想起了boyhood/ children玩的地方，现在变成了干洗店，走到一空地，曾是他的天空，对过去的回忆。 1) 为什么Why…… think of his boyhood? 2) balcony

3) ……swollen cheek肿脸

4) Why …… 孩子们去玩。 答：recall childhood. Ⅳ Close 10% (短文very short)简要拾配

一、内容：孩子们喜欢所有人们讲故事，特别是喜欢所讲过去的事情。

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①Children love to listen to the stories 有天晚上 when they were children , ②uncle and aunt or. grandma whom they have never seen. ③It was the spirit that ④be familiar to.

二、in case 在这种情况下 Where在这些地方

which 这些生命could have saved本可拯救， to many people（对于今天的许多人来说）

take advantage of(充分利用) e.g. Australia等发达国家医生美誉为“空中医生”。 Ⅴ单词拼写（10%） 已给一个字母e.g. 不变的 invar → adv. Invariably 评估 value → vt. evaluate 捕获 capture n. vt 绝对的 absolutely → adv. 改编 adapt to → n. adaption 谬论 fallacy

悲惨的 misery → adj. miserable 让人…确信 convince sb of sth 内容 content 偏见 part → partial

ⅥTranslation(中译英，10% 每题2分) 1、人们渴望知道水库里面是否还有水。

People are (be) eager to know whether there is water in the reservoir. 2、老师保证说这次考试并不难。

The teacher assured that this exam was not difficult. 3、敌人可变成朋友。

Enemies can be turned into friends.

4、在孩子们心里，总是把春节与穿新衣服和吃好东西联系起来。

In the children minds, they associate with spring Festival with good clothes and good food. 5、这场大雨阻止了他们参加会议。

The storm prevented them from attending the meeting. 6、他们过去经常被迫工作12小时。 They used to be compelled to work 12 hours. 短文Translation (Book 2 )简单表达 Words

Successful a. 成功的 adult n. 成年人 a. 成年的，成熟的

disagree vi (with) 1. 有分歧，不同意；2.不一致,不符 statement n. 声明，陈述guarantee n./vt. 保证，担保，保修

intelligent a. 聪明的，明智的

similar a. 1.相似的，类似的；2.与…相似（to） independent a. 独立的，自主的clue n. 线索，提示communicate vi. 通讯，交流，交际 vt. 传达，传播

inexact a. 不正确的，不精确的 incomplete a. 不完整的 regularly ad. 整齐地，经常地，定期地 technique n. 1.技术；2.技巧，手艺

outline vt. 概括，提出要点 n. 轮廓；大纲，提纲 to disagree with 与…有分歧，不一致 to depend on 依赖，依靠；依…而定 be interested in 对…感兴趣 instance n. 例，实例 dumb a. 哑的；无言的

traveler n. 旅客，旅游者 primitive a. 原始的 exact a. 精确的，正确的 consist vi. 组成（of）

tax n. 税（款） vt. 对…征税 generally ad. 一般地，通常，大体上 federal a. 联邦的 type n. 类型，种类，品种 vt./vi. 打字 salaried a. 拿薪水的，领工资的 earn vt. 1.挣得，赚得；2.获得，赢得

vary vi. 变化，有不同，呈差异 vt.改变，使不同

charge vt. 1.索价；2.指控；3.装填， 使充满 n.1.价钱，费用；2.控告，指控；3.负责，主管；4.负荷

item n. 条，条款，项目 figure n.1.数字；2.人物；3.外形，轮廓 vt.(out)演算出；想出；理解

revenue n. 1.（国家的）岁入，税收；2.收入，收益 diverse a. 不同的，相异的；2.多种多样的 confuse vt. 使混乱，混淆

property n.1.财产，资产，所有物；2.性质，特性 fund n.1.基金专款2.储备，贮存 vt.供以款项，提供资金

complain vt./vi. 抱怨（of, about） protest vt./vi. 抗议，反对

issue n. 1.问题，争论点；2.发行；3.（书刊的 期号 tend vi (to) 易于，往往会；倾向于 vt.照管，护理 advertise vt./vi. 为…做广告；登广告 attract vt. 吸收，引起…的注意

design vt./vi.1.设计；2.预定，指定 n.1.设计2.图样，图案；3.企图 constantly ad. 经常地；不断地；时常地 product n. 产品，产物

persuade vt.1.说服，劝服；2.使…相信 a.空闲的；有闲的 leisure n.1.空闲时间，空暇；2.悠闲，安逸

classified a.1.分类的，被归为一类的；2.保密的，机密的 available a. 可利用的，可获得的

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display n./vt. 1.陈列，展览；2.显示

entertainment n.1.娱乐，游艺，技艺表演；2.招待，款待 audience n. 听众，观众，读者 limited a.有限的

attractive a.有吸收力的，引起注意的

characteristic a.特有的，典型的为特有的（of）n.特性；特征 slogan n. 标语，口号

identify vt. 认出，鉴定；认为…等同于（with） commercial a.商业的，商务的； n.商业广告

responsible a.1.需负责的，承担责任的（for）；2.有责任感的,负责可靠的；3.责任重大的，重要的

particular a. 1.特定的，某一的；2.特殊的，特别的 estimate n.估计，估价；评价 vt.估计，估价

be characteristic of 为…所特有，是…的特性 no more than 仅仅

be responsible for 对…负责任的；对…承担责任 to decide on 决定，选定

be involved in 与…有关联，参与，介入 unwilling a.不情愿的，不愿意的 unusual a.不寻常的，与众不同的

average n.平均数，平均；a.1.平均的；2.平常的，普通的；v.平均 affect vt.影响，打动 float vi./vt.（使）漂浮

remain vi.1.仍然是依旧是；2.剩下，余留 reflect vt.反射，反映； vi.思考，考虑（on, up） lunar a.月亮的

except for 除了…外，除去，撇开

principle n.1.原理，原则；2.主义，信念 meaningfulness n.富有意义 to make sense 有意义

interrupt vt.打断，打扰；终止，阻碍；vi.打断，打扰

release n./vt.1.释放，解放；2.发布，发行；3.放开，松开 quality n.1.质量；2.品质，特性 digestive a.消化（食物）的

engage vi.(in)从事于，参加vt.1.使从事于，使忙于；2.占用（时间等） scarcely ad.几乎不，几乎没有 imitate vt.1.模仿，仿效；2.仿制，仿造

substance n.1.物质；2.实质，本质；3.主旨，大意 pressure n.压力，压强

delicious a.1.美味的；2.（味觉或嗅觉）使人愉快的 dissolve vt.1.（使）溶解，（使）融化；2.解散，取消

descend vi.传下，遗传；2.下来，下降 traditional a.传统的

nuclear a.1.核子的，核能的；2.核心的，中心的 divorce n./vi.离婚 vt.与…离婚，使分裂 physical a.1.身体的，肉体的；2.物理的，物理学的；3.物质的，有形的 emotional a.感情的，情绪的

satellite n.卫星，人造卫星

establish vt.1.建立，创办，设立；2.确立，使确认

access n.1.通道，入口；2.接近（或进入）的机会，享用机会

remote a.1.遥远的，偏僻的；2.（可能性）很小的 personal a.1.个人的，私人的；2.亲自的

shelter n.1.掩蔽，保护；2.掩蔽处，躲蔽处；vt.掩蔽，庇护 create vt.1.创造；2.创作；3.引起，产生

cultivated a.1.耕种的，耕作的；2.栽培的，非野生的；3.有修养的,文雅的 acquaintance n.1.认识，了解；2.相识的人，熟人 absolute a.绝对的，完全的 convenient a.方便的

rather than 与其…（不如）；不是…（而是）

interrupt vt.1.打断，打扰；2.终止，阻碍 vi.中断 preference n.（for. to）1.偏爱；2.优先

maximum n.最大限度，最大量，顶点 a.最高的，最大的 environment n.环境，周围状部，自然环境

adapt vt.1.使适应，使适合（to）；2.改编，改写；vi.适 （to） solve vt.解决，解答

arouse vt.1.引起，激起；2.唤起，唤醒 exposure n.1.暴露、揭露；2.曝光 imitative a.1.模仿的；2.仿制的

alternative n.1.供选择的东西；2.取舍，选择a.两者择一的，供选择的 benefit n.益处，好处；vt.有益于vi.得益 sufficient a.足够的，充分的

accompany vt.1.陪伴，陪同；2.伴随，和…一起发生；3.为…伴奏 approximately ad.近似地，大约地

reference n.1.提及，涉及；2.参考，参考书目 species n.[单复同形]种，类

extinct a.1.熄灭了的；2.消亡了的；3.灭绝的，绝种的 n. extinction

tough a.1.强壮的，坚强的；2.粗暴的，强横的；3. (肉等食物)老的；4.困难的，艰苦的 fatal a.致命的，毁灭性的

initiate vt.1.开始，创始，发起；2.倡议，提出 potential a.潜在的，可能的 dominate vt./vi.统治，支配，控制

facility n.1.设备，设施；2.便利，容易（公共场所供个人存放衣物用的带锁的小柜） comment n.1.评论；2.评注 vi.1.评论；2.注释 maintain vt.1.维持，保持；2.维修，保养

gesture n.1.姿势，手势；2.（外交等方面的）姿态，表示

contribute vt.1.贡献；2.捐献，捐助；3.投稿vi.(to)1.起作用，有助于；2.捐献；3.投稿 cancel vt.1.取消；2.删除，划掉 restore vt.使恢复，（使回复）

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interview vt./n.1.面谈，采访；2.面试，口试 prospect n.1.展望，景象；2.前景，前程 density n.1.密集度，稠密度；2.[物][化]密度

constant a.1.永恒的，经久不变的；2.经常的，不断的；n.[数]常数

launch vt.1.发射，投射；2.使（船）下水；3.发动，发起（运动等）；n.发射，（船）下水 exploit vt.1.开发，开采；2.利用；3.剥削

campaign n.1.战役；2.运动，参选活动；vi.参加运动，参加竞选活动；vt.使…参加运动；对…进行活动

despite prep 尽管，任凭

minimum n.最小量；最低限度a.最小的；最低的；最少的

concession n.1.让步；2.特许权；3.租界、租界地 rhythmic a.有韵律的；有节奏的 distinct a.1.与其他不同的，独特的；2.明显的 originate vi./vt.发源；发生，发起 participant n.参加者；a.参与的 inspire vt.1.鼓舞；2.使产生灵感

conventional a.1.惯例的，常规的；2.（艺术等）因袭的 harmony n.1.协调，和谐；2.融洽，一致 robot n.机器人；自动控制装置 automotive a.1.自动的，机动的；2.汽车的

personnel n.1.全体人员，全体职员；2.人事（部门） expose vt.1.使暴露，使面临；2.揭露，揭发

critical a.1.批评（性）的 批判（性）的；2.对…表示谴责的，对…感到不满的（of）；3.紧要的，关键性的 危急的

portray vt.描绘；描写；描述 acquire vt.获得，得到

rhythm n.1.韵律，格律；2.节奏

fluctuate vi.1.波动，起伏；2.动摇不定；vt.使波动，使起伏 nomination n.提名；任命

decline vi.1.下倾，下降；2.衰退，衰落；3.谢绝，拒绝vt.拒绝，谢绝n.1.下倾，下降；2.衰退/落

negative a.1.否定的，否认的；2.反面的，消极的；3.[数]负的，[电]阴性的n.1.负片，底片；2.负数进化vi evolve 韵律，n. rhythm估价，评价vt. evaluate 提名，任命n. nomination v. nominate单复数含义，暗示n. implication 让步，n. concession v. concede方便的，adj. convenient 特权，n. privilege原始的，adj. primitive 保证，n. guarantee

交流，vi. communicate 线索，n. clue联邦的，adj. federal 市政的，adj. municipal倾向于，vi, tend 空暇，n. leisure

embarrassed尴尬 confused, puzzled bewildered迷惑的 pretend not to do假装 He pretended not to see me.

disport失望 提高vt. enhance 口头的a. verbal 描绘vt. portray 统计数字n. statistics 全体人员，人事n. personnel 一致，相符vi. coincide 不充分的，a. inadequate 繁殖，vt. reproduce

incident 事件 accident 事故

播送，vt. transmit 建立，创办，vt. establish 显然的，a. obvious 认识，n. acquaintance 最大限度，n. maximum 使适应，vt. adapt 解决，vt. solve 推论，n. inference 近似的adj. approximate 物质n. substance 实现，完成vt. implement 门类n. category 昏暗的adj. obscure 传下，遗传vi. descend 推荐vt. recommend 波动vi. fluctuate 额外的a. extra 起初的a. original 交易n. bargain 争吵v. dispute 保险n. insurance 复杂的a. complex 坦白地ad. frankly 打哈欠 yawn

order秩序 scarce缺乏，不足 adequate 足够的 混乱n. disorder 几乎不ad. scarcely

演示，说明vt. demonstrate 热心，热情n. enthusiasm 建立，创办vt. establish 认识，了解n. acquaintance 稳定性n. (stable) 谢绝v. decline

stability面试n. interview 展望n. prospect 尽力，发挥v. exert 倒塌v. collapse 暗示，含义n. implication 发射 launch 反抗，反对vt. oppose 保证，担保 ensure positive肯定的

否定的a. negative 核子的a. nuclear 充足a. adequate 灭绝n. extinction 模仿的a. imitative 维持n. maintenance

假期n. vacation 凶猛地adv. Fiercely http://www.hnctw.com/

翻译句子：英译汉

1、Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning. Conversely, learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.

学习语言不同于学习其他事物。一些人很聪明，并在他们自己所处的领域内很有成就，却发现很难在学习语言上获得成功，相反，一些人在学习语言上很难成功，却发现很难在其他领域有所成就。 2、The last principle is visualization. Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are asked to visualize the items to be remembered. In one study, subjects in one group were asked to learn some words using imagery, while the second group used repetition to learn the words. Those using imagery remembered 80 to 90 percent of the words, compared with 30 to 40 percent of the words for those who memorized by repetition. Phus forming an integrated image with au the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory. P87

最后一个原理是直观想象、研究表明，当人们对要记忆的内容进行直观想象时，就会产生各种各样惊

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人的增强记忆的效果，在一项调查研究中，要求一组被试者用直观形象法学习一些生词，而另一组被试者用重复法学习这些生词。那些使用直观形象法记忆的被试者记住了80%~90%的词汇，相比之下用重复法记忆的被试者只记住了30%~40%的词汇。由此可见，将所有的信息放在脑海里形成一幅完整的形象，有助于我们保存记忆。

3、Many primitive peoples believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves. They thought, for example, that eating deer would make them run as fast as the deer. Some savage tribes believed that eating enemies that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave. Man-eating may have started because people were eager to become as strong and brave as their enemies. P113

许多原始的民族都认为吃了某种动物就能得到那种动物所具备的一些优良特性，例如，他们认为吃了鹿肉就能和鹿跑得一样快，一些野蛮的部落的人认为吃了在战场上表现勇敢的敌人就可以使自己和他一样勇敢，吃人现象的发生可能是因为人们渴望变得像他们的放人一样强壮和勇敢。 加P139 4、In order to transmit an event such as the Olympics via satellite, television signals are first changed into radio waves, which are when sent from a station on earth to an orbiting satellite. The satellite receives the radio waves and sends them back to earth, where another station picks them up and changes them back into television signals. Because any form of sound or visual information can be changed into radio waves, satellites are capable of transmitting not only television broadcasts, but telephone calls and printed materials such as books and magazines. P199 为了通过卫星传播和奥林匹克运动会这样的盛会，电视信号首先被转化为无线电波然后把无线电波从地球上的发射台传到在轨道上与地球同步运行的卫星。这颗卫星收到无线电波以后把它传回到地球上。地球上另外一台楼收台收到无线电波以后再把收到的无线电波还原成电视信号。因为任何形式的声音或视觉信息都能转化成无线电波，所以卫星不仅能够传播电视广播，还能够传播电话印刷材料、如书和杂志。

5、Science began to develop rapidly when man laid side his wrong beliefs and began to seek true explanations. Young children are curious about how things work. The child wants to take apart a watch to see what makes it work. P261

类人们抛弃了错误观念而开始寻找事物的真正解释时，科学便开始飞速[发展了。孩子们对事物是如何运转的很好奇，小孩会拆开一只表看看是什么使它走动的。

6、Although insurance can be complex, its basic concepts are neither difficult nor impossible to learn. Quite the opposite. Insurance fundamentals can be understood by those willing to study them. Serous study provides knowledge. The study of insurance is an effective, proven method of dealing with the insurance ignorance faced by many American families. P359

虽然保险可能是复杂的，但其基本概念既不难也不是不可了解的，恰恰相反，只要愿意了解保险知识的人，都能弄明白保险的基本原则。认真钻研就会获得保险知识。研究保险是许多美国家庭用来对付不懂保险情况的一种切实可行并行之有效的方法。

7、Every little bit of kindness helps. With manners, the best rule is the one that works. It is easier to look and sound attractive when we are nice to other people. Being polite and showing respect can give us an edge. P389

每一个小小的友爱都会对你有帮助。关于礼貌，最好的原则就是能办成事，能起好作用。当我们对他人友好时，我们很容易看上去，听起来很动人。彬彬有礼和尊重别人都能使我们占有优势。 8、In the recent past, medical researchers have begun to emphasize the fact that heart disease is associated with stress, smoking and a lack of exercise, and we can often reduce the risk of heart

disease by paying more attention to these factors. P454

前不久，医学研究者开始强调这样一个事实：心脏病与人的精神压力、抽烟和缺乏锻炼有关，如果我们多加注意这些因素就能减少心脏病的患病机率。

9、Honesty will have to come from social pressure: in the family, at school, on the job, each and every one of us can encourage honesty be showing which behaviors are unacceptable. Teaching respect should become everyone’s responsibility. P577

正直只有产生于社会压力：在家庭、学校、在工作上，我们每一个人可以通过向人们展示哪些行为不为接受，来鼓励正下。教人学会尊重，应该成为每个人的责任。

10、Exercise makes me feel terrible. Even when I shower. I get to my next class wet, and probably smelling like a locker room. P623

锻炼使我感觉很糟。即使我洗淋浴，我去上下一节课时仍浑身湿淋淋的，也许会让人闻到我身上的汗味，就跟在更衣室是一样臭。

11、According to many scientists, the burning of rainforests is also directly contributing to the so-called greenhouse effect. This effect, they say, is raising average temperatures and sea levels as the polar ice caps recede. P667

据许多科学家说，焚烧雨林也直接导致了所谓的温室效应。他们说，温室效应使平均温度和海平面上升，因为它使南北两极冰盖融化。

12、It is unnecessary to cry whenever one wants to cry, but one should be able to cry when one ought to cry-when one needs to cry. Porto cry under certain emotionally disequilibrating conditions is necessary for the maintenance of health.

一个人没必要任何时候想哭就要哭，但一个人应该在该哭时，一个人需要哭时，能哭出来，在特定的感情失衡条件下哭对保持自行健康是必要的。

13、Diamonds are made from carbon. Carbon is found in all living things, both plant and animal. Much of the carbon in the earth comes from things that once lived.

钻石是由碳构成的，在所有的生物中，包括植物和动物都可发现碳。地球上大男的碳来自曾经在地还需上生存的生物。 教材上册

1、暴力电影对学龄前儿童影响很大。

Violent films have great effect on preschool children 2、谁就对这次行动负全部责任？

Who should take full responsibility for this action? 3、这些天他常遭受头痛的困扰。

He often suffers from headache these days. 4、中世纪欧洲教会严重阻碍了科学的发展。

In the Middle Ages, the church seriously hindered the development 5、我们的结论基于全部可获得的知识，而不是基于猜测和想像。 Our conclusion was based on all available knowledge. 6、越来越多的人开始关心我们的自然环境。

More and more people are concerned about our natural environment. 7、诚实来自于社会压力，同时有利于社会安定。

Honesty comes from social pressure, at the same time, it is beneficial to the security of society. 8、经理不在时，谁来代替他？

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When the manager is away, who will be in the place of him? 9、他留出半个小时让我们提问题。

He set aside half an hour for us to raise questions.

10、在交流中，对手势或表情的含义的误解往往会引起尴尬。

In communication, misunderstanding the meaning of body and facial gestures of look always leads to /causes embarrassment.

11、他的成功不是靠运气，而是靠能力。 His success doesn’t owe to luck, but ability. 12、男人不哭并不是说他们不会哭。

That men don’t cry doesn’t mean that they can’t cry. 13、我们应该学会尊重对方，避免磨擦或冲突。

We should learn to respect for each other, ovoid friction or conflict. 14、他充其量不过能做去年的一半那么多。 At best, be can do half as much as he did last year. 15、你一旦染上了坏习惯，就很难除掉。

Once you get into bad habits, you can not get rid of it easily. 16、我们肯定会赢得这场战斗。 We are bound to win the battle. 17、相互理解对于友谊是至关重要的。

Understanding each other is of vital importance to friendship. 教材下册

1、People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon. But from a systems point of view, problems have multiple causes, and decisions have intended and unintended consequences. An organization is an ongoing entity, and a decision made today may have consequences far into the future. Thus the skilled manager looks toward the future consequences of current decisions. 人们经常假设一项决策是孤立的现象。但从系统的观点看，问题有多种原因，决策有预期的和非预期的结果。一个组织是一个正在发展中的实体，现在的决策可能给将来带来深远的影响。因而，熟练的管理者会看到当前决策对未来的影响。 2、他由朋友陪同去听音乐会。

He was accompanied to a concert by his friend. 3、他已说服她改变决定。

He had argued her out of her decision.

4、他们展示给我们一个完全不同于我们自己的世界运行方式的世界，并对我们的最基本的时空经验提出了疑问。

They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.

5、英国也有一个牢固的建立晚期病人收容所的传统——只是照顾将要死亡者和他们的特殊需要的医院。茜西莉•桑德斯，国家收容所委员会主席和收容运动的发起者，主张安乐死并未考虑到照顾将死患者有多种方式。她还谈到允许安乐死就会破坏广大的人们对照料和关心的需要：“现在社会上，这很容易使老人、残疾人和依靠别人生存的人感觉到他们是负担，因此他们应该决定退出。我认为任何法律上允许缩短生命的做法肯定使这些人更容易受伤害。”

Britain also has a strong tradition of hospices-special hospitals which care only for the dying and their special needs. Cicely Saunders, President of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement, argues that euthanasia doesn’t take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying. She is also concerned that allowing euthanasia would undermine the need for care and consideration of a wide range of people: “It’s very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled and the dependent to feel that they are burdens, and therefore that they ought to opt out. I think that anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable.”

6、支持这一观点的医生并不意味着他们不关心病人。

Doctors who support this opinion do not mean that they don’t care for the patient. 7、他们要求释放犯人

They requested that the prisoners be set free. 8、水的污染使居民们容易得病。

Water pollution makes inhabitants vulnerable to diseases.

9、今年早些时候引进大众高度注意的事件中，全世界女佣的悲惨状况得到了媒体的注意。其中一个事件是，一个菲律宾女佣在被判谋杀罪后，在新加坡被处决。尽管各方面都抗议她的罪行尚未充分证实。类似于国际反奴隶制的团体声称，其他一些不太富戏剧性的情况也同样值得注意，如一个在伦敦工作的菲律宾女佣，莉迪亚•加西亚事件。

The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases. In one of them, a Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests from various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. Groups lid Anti-Slavery International say other, less dramatic, cases are equally deserving of attention, such as that of Lydia Garcia, a Filipino maid working in London:

10、家仆的工作状况得到了新闻媒介的关注。

The working conditions of domestics received media attention.

11、这三种形式保留着音乐和文化方面的特色，甚至到1965年，这三种音乐没有一种表达出任何激进的新的意识形态。布鲁斯表达黑人的情感；摇滚乐是青春活力的跳动；民间音乐表达反战友情绪、爱和恨。

The three forms remained musically and culturally distinct, and even as late as 1965, none of them were expressing any radically new states of consciousness. Blues expressed black soul; rock was the beat of youthful energy; and folk music expressed anti-war sentiments as well as love and hope. 12、为了你的健康，你不该承担太繁重的工作。

For the sake of your health, you should not take on too much work.

13、已经在汽车领域接任了人类任务的机器人也同样开始在其他工业中看到，虽然使用程度低一些。在那里它们制造电动马达、小型器械、袖珍计算器，甚至手表。核电站里的机器人处理辐射材料，保护人类职员免于暴露在辐射下。这些机器人可以减少这一新型工业中与工作有关的伤害。

Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning to be seen, although to a lesser degree, in other industries as well. There they build electric motors, small appliances, pocket calculators, and even watches. The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials, preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation. These are the

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robots responsible for the reduction in job-related injuries in this new industry. 14、在关键时刻，我们应该有能力面对一切困难。

At critical moment, we should be capable of facing all difficulty.

15、学校通常把人的平衡发展作为教育目标。越认真地追求这个目标，就越可能激发人们对休闲和学术研究的积极态度。

Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the person. The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.

16、在生活节奏快、工作压力大的社会中，放松一下有利于健康。

In a society with fast pace and stressful work, finding time to relax yourself contributes to health. 17、乘喷气式飞机因时差而引起的生理节奏的破坏是每一个跨国旅行者有时会遇到的问题。但你必须得忍受吗？理解它是怎么回事，以及如何小心饮食才可以将其最坏影响减到最小程度，你的飞行就不会那么紧张了。

The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time. But do you have to suffer? Understand what it is, and how a careful diet can minimize its worst effects, and your flights will be less stressful.

18、时差反应是每一个国际旅行者可能遇到的问题。

The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time. 19、你的假设不是建立在充分的事实基础上的。 Your assumption is not based on adequate facts.

20、如果“革命”是对社会结构的迅速重建，如果社会的年龄构成被看做社会结构的一个非常重要的方面，那么在欧洲特别是每一个人的生命超过50岁的西欧，已经有一场革命。总之，这其中的含义只是刚刚开始被人们认识到。这些事实和情况早些时候在法国维希举行的一个世界大会上被视为科学和政策的挑战而置于显著的地位。

If “revolution” is a rapid resettlement of the social structure, and if the age composition of the society counts as a very important aspect of that social structure, then there has been a social revolution in European and particularly Western European society within the lifetime of everyone over50. Taken together, these things have implications which are only beginning to be acknowledged. These facts and circumstances were well to the fore earlier this year at a world gathering about aging as a challenge to science and to policy, held at Vichy in France. 21、人们寿命的长短取决于种种因素。

The life-span of a person depends on many factors.

22、候选人的策略的形成要考虑到许多因素，包括宪法的这一条款：每个州具有的选举人票的数量与其在国会中的代表人数相等。这样每个州因其参议院代表得到两张选举人票，依靠其众议院代表得到不同数量的选举人票。总共有538张选举人票（包括3张哥伦比亚特区的，尽管它在议院没有投票议员）。要赢得总统职务，一个候选人必须得到至少270张选票，即选举的多数票。 The candidates’ strategies are shaped by many considerations, including the constitutional provision that each state shall have electoral votes equal in number to its representation in Congress. Each state thus gets two electoral votes for its Senate representation and a varying number of electoral votes depending on its House representation. Altogether, there are 538 electoral votes(including three for the District of Columbia, even though it has no voting

representatives in Congress). To win the presidency, a candidate must receive at least 270 votes,

an electoral majority.

23、香港回归在世界各地引起了很大的震动。

The return on Hong Kong caused a big stir all over the world.

24、随着研究技术变得更先进，实验中使用的动物数目可能会减少，但完全停止在动物身上实验还有很长的路要走。

As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals used in experiments may decrease, but stopping testing on animals altogether is a long way away. 25、动物研究对人类医学的发展作出了重大的贡献。 Animal research has given human medicine many benefits.

26、直到最近，白日做梦通常被认为不是浪费时间就是要患精神病的征兆。习惯性白日梦被看做精神失调的证据或是对现实生活和责任的逃避。人们相信，习惯性白日梦会使人远离社会，降低其处理现实问题的效率。就最好的情况来讲，白日做梦被评为是代替生活现实的补偿品。

Until recently daydreaming was generally considered either a waste of time or a symptom of neurotic tendencies, and habitual daydreaming was regarded as evidence of maladjustment or an escape from life’s realities and responsibilities. It was believed that habitual daydreaming would eventually distance people from society and reduce their effectiveness in coping with real problems. At its best, daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in life. 27、老师的赞赏增强了他的信心。

The praise from teacher enhanced his confidence.

28、与劳作相对立的是玩，当玩游戏时，我们享受我们所做的事，否则我们不会玩，但它纯粹是私人活动；社会对你玩或不玩游戏是极不关心的。

The antithesis to labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we should not play it, but it is a purely private activity; society could not care less whether we play it or not.

29、他不情愿地从事这项工作。 He reluctantly undertook this job.

30、在她付出了自己生命的情况下，这项活动的名称听起来令人心碎：随时随地做好事。 Given her fate, the name of the program, has a heartbreaking resonance to it: Random Acts of Kindness.

31、她的劝说以失败而告终。 Her persuasion is of no avail.

32、亚里士多德说，诗人有表达共性的优势，而专家只能表达某一特性。而且，诗人还可以提醒我们，一个人最大的能量不是来自他的精力而是来自他的梦想。但一个人梦想的特性只是他的潜意识的反映。因此，他的潜意识中的东西确实是世界上最重要的营养。

A poet, said Aristotle, has the advantage of expressing the universal; the specialist expresses only the particular. The poet, moreover, can remind us that man’s greatest energy comes not from his dynamos but from his dreams. But the quality of a man’s dreams can only be a reflection of his subconscious. What he puts into his subconscious, therefore, is quite literally the most important nourishment in the world.

33、计算机在工业领域的应用使生产效率发生了惊人的变化。

The computer used in industry made astonishing changes in productivity.

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34、两个双胞胎如此相似，以至于很难区分他们。

The two twins resemble so much that it is very difficult to distinguish between them.