句子成分与分析

一、 句子成分

英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。 1、 主语

主语表示的是句子中说的是“什么人”或“什么事”，通常放在句首。充当主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等。

We study in NO.1 Middle School（我们在一中学习）（讲述“谁”）

The classroom is very clean. （这间教室非常干净（讲述“什么”））

Three were absent.（三个人缺席。）（数词做主语） To teach them English is my job.（教他们英语是我的工作。）（不定式做主语）

不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it引出的句型，因此上句可以变为： It is my job to teach them English.其真正的主语是to teach them English. 操练1： 请指出下列句中的主语。

1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom.

2. There is a bird flying in the sky.

3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 2、 谓语

谓语用来说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须保持一致。它的位置一般在主语之后。 He is a good student (他是一名好学生。) （系动词和表语一起做谓语）

His parents are doctors. (他的父母亲都是医生。) （系动词和表语一起做谓语）

She looks well (她看起来气色很好。) （系动词和表语一起做谓语）.

We study hard.（我们努力学习。）（实义动词作谓语） Justin has been to China twice.(贾斯汀去过中国两次。) （助动词和be动词一起做谓语）

We have finished reading the book.(我们已经看完了这本书。) （助动词和实义动词一起作谓语）

You must go to bed earlier.(你必须早一点儿睡觉。) （情

态动词和实义动词一起作谓语） 操练2： 请选出下列句中的谓语。

1. I don't like the picture on the wall. 2. Do you usually go to school by bus? 3. What I want to tell you is this. 3、 宾语

宾语是动作、行为的对象。它和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”，位于谓语之后。宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。宾语也分为动词宾语和介词宾语。

She is playing the piano now（她正在弹钢琴。）（名词作宾语）

He often helps me(他经常帮助我)（代词作宾语） He likes to sleep in the open air.（他喜欢在露天睡觉）（不定式作宾语）

We enjoy living in China.（我们喜欢住在中国。）（动名词作宾语）

操练3： 请挑出下列句中的宾语。

1. My brother hasn't done his homework. 2. People all over the world speak English. 3. How many new words did you learn last class? ②分析句子： The sun gives us light and warmth. （us为

间接宾语，light and warmth为直接宾语）

1、间接宾语多指人，直接宾语多指物。可以带两个宾语的动词有：bring, give, show, send, pass, tell 等。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。

2、如果强调直接宾语，可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面，但间接宾语前须加介词 “to”或“for”。接to的动词有：give, bring, pass, lend, sell, send, show, tell, write等。

Give your mother the letter. ＝Give the letter（直接宾语） to your mother（间接宾语.）

（接for的动词有：buy, find, cook, draw, get, sing等。） Can you find me my bag? ＝Can you find my bag （ 直接宾语） for me（间接宾语）?

(这正是：人前物后看清楚，换位要加for或to。) 操练4： 请划出下列句中的直接宾语和间接宾语。 1. Please tell us a story.

2. My father bought a new computer for me last week. 3. Mr. Brown is going to teach us chemistry next term. 4、 定语

定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。

He is a clever boy.（形容词作定语）

His father works in a steel work.（名词作定语）

There are students in our class.（数词） Do you known betty’s sister?（名词所有格） He bought some sleeping pills.（现代分词） His spoken language is good.（过去分词） 操练5：请划出下列句中的定语。 1. What is your family name? 2. The boy in blue is Tom.

3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 4. There are five boys who will play the game. 5、 状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义。

He writes carefully. He walks slowly. (认真地写，慢慢地走，修饰动词用副词，作状语) This material is environmentally friendly. （修饰形容词用副词，作状语） He runs very slowly.

（修饰副词slowly, 因此very是副词，作状语） Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. （修饰整个句子用副词，作状语） 操练6：请划出下列句中的状语。

1. Every night he practices playing the piano. 2. We must work hard to pass the exam.

3. She loves the library because she loves books. 6、 宾语补足语

现在一般认为，宾语补足语是对宾语进行进一步的补充说明。宾语补足语主要与英语及物动词有关。这个问题分两点来说明。

1、英语中有些及物动词，不但会涉及到一个对象(宾语)，还会使宾语产生一种结果。动词引发宾语的结果就是宾语补足语。

例如：

① We call him Little Tom. (称呼的对象是him, 称呼的结果是Little Tom. Little Tom 就是宾语补足语。)

② I find smoking bad for health. (find 的对象是smoking, 结论是bad for health.)

2、英语中表示看、听之类的动词，不仅看到一个人(宾语)，还会看到他在做什么事。宾语所做的事也是宾语补足语。例如：

I saw a bird in a cage. (看到小鸟在笼子里，“在笼子里”是宾语补足语。)

We heard her singing a song. (听到她在唱歌，“在唱歌”是宾语补足语。)

（这一类带宾语补足语动词有：see, hear, notice, watch, feel, observe 等。）

操练7： 请找出下列句中的宾语补足语。 1. We call her Lily sometimes. 2. I saw Jerry get on the bus.

7、 表语

表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”。一般由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。

Eg：I am a teacher. (系动词am + 表语 a teacher)

They are on the playground now. (系动词are + 表语 on the playground.)

It sounds interesting. (sound为系动词，interesting为表语)

操练8：请划出下列句中的表语。 1.The leaves have turned yellow. 2. She was the first to learn about it. 3. The old man is feeling better now.

4. The kids are really interested in joining the chess club. 8、 同位语

同位语是在名词或代词之后,对其作进一步解释或说明，在语法上处于同等地位。名词、代词、数词、和从句等均可作同位语。如：

We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）

We all are students. (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）

The news that we’re having a holiday tomorrow is true. （从句作同位语） 随堂测验

(一). 指出下列句子中主语的中心词

① The student with a book is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here.

③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词

① I don't like the picture on the wall.

A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus?

A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.

A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework

(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语

① My mother is doing housework. ②I like playing football with you.

③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④ How many new words did you learn last class?

⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?

(四) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

① Please tell us a story.

② My father bought a new bike for me last week. ③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. ④ Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. ⑤ Did he leave any message for me?

(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. ② He asked her to take the boy out of school. ③ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.

④ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? (六) 挑出下列句中的表语

① The old man was feeling very tired. ② The leaves have turned yellow.

③ Soon They all became interested in the subject.

(七) 挑出下列句中的定语

① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. ② What is your given name? ③ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

(八) 挑出下列句中的状语

① Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

② He began to learn English when he was eleven.

③With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. ④The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

（九）指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：

1.Whether we’ll go depend on the weather . 2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily . 3. That was how they were defeated. 4.The nursery takes good care of our children . 5.I’ll return the book to you tomorrow . 6.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other . 7.There are many film that I’d like to see.

（十）单项填空

1 ___ six years since I began to study English.

A. It is B. I have been C. There are D. It was 2 It’s very noisy outside. ___ is going on?

A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where 3 There must be____ near the factory.

A. a book store B. book store C. books store D. books stores 4 The doctor as well as the nurses ___ great concern for the patients. A. show B. shows C. have shown D. are showing 5 Your son must be a clever boy, ___ he?

A. is B. isn't C. must D. mustn't 6 The computer center, ___ last year, is very popular among students in this school.

A. open B. opening C. opened D. being opened 7 I ___ go to the shop today, for there is a lot of food at home.

A. mustn't B. had to C. can't D. needn't 8 This room ___ every morning.

A. is cleaning B. is cleaned C. cleans D. cleaning 9 Glad to meet you! ___ is your full name?

A. What B. Where C. How D. Who 10 He is ___ to lift the heavy box.

A. too weak B. weak tooC. enough weak D. weak enough 11 The days are ___ warmer and warmer in spring.

A. getting B. looking C. seeming D. going 12 His job is____English.

A. teach B. to teach C. taught D. teaches 13 We should get ready___ others.

A. helping B. to help C. help D. help with 14 Let ____ do it again.

A. I B. me C. he D. she 15 I found ___ difficult to work together with him.

A. it B. its C. that D. those

答案

操练1： 请指出下列句中的主语。

1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky. 3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 操练2： 请选出下列句中的谓语。 1. I don't like the picture on the wall. 2. Do you usually go to school by bus? 3. What I want to tell you is this.????? 操练3： 请挑出下列句中的宾语。

1.My mother is doing housework. 2.I like playing football with you.

3. How many new words did you learn last class? 操练4： 请划出下列句中的直接宾语和间接宾语。 1. Please tell us a story. 2. My father bought a new computer for me last week. 3. Mr. Brown is going to teach us chemistry next term. 操练5：请划出下列句中的定语。

1. What is your family name? 2. The boy in blue is Tom. 3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 4. There are five boys who will play the game. 操练6：请划出下列句中的状语。

1. Every night he practices playing the piano. 2. We must work hard to pass the exam. 3. She loves the library because she loves books. 操练7： 请找出下列句中的宾语补足语。 1. We call her Lily sometimes. 2. I saw Jerry get on the bus. 操练8：请划出下列句中的表语。

1.The leaves have turned yellow. 2. She was the first to learn about it. 3. The old man is feeling better now. 4. The kids are really interested in joining the chess club.? 当堂检测

(一). 指出下列句子中主语的中心词

① The student with a book is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here.

③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 B A C A C (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语

① My brother hasn't done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English.

③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④ How many new words did you learn last class?

⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? (四) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 ① Please tell us a story.

② My father bought a new bike for me last week. ③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. ④ Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. ⑤ Did he leave any message for me? (五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. ② He asked her to take the boy out of school. ③ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.

④ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? (六) 挑出下列句中的表语

① The old man was feeling very tired. ② The leaves have turned yellow.

③ Soon They all became interested in the subject. (七) 挑出下列句中的定语

① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. ② What is your given name? ④ The man downstairs was trying to sleep. (八) 挑出下列句中的状语

① Every night he heard the noise upstairs. ② He began to learn English when he was eleven.

① With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. ② The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. ③ （九）指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分： 1.Whether we’ll go depend on the weather .（主语）

2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily .（谓语） 3. That was how they were defeated. （表语） 4.The nursery takes good care of our children . （宾语）

5.I’ll return the book to you tomorrow . （宾语补足语） 6.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other . （状语） 7.There are many film that I’d like to see.

1—5 A B A B B 6---10 C D C A A （定语） 11---15 A A B B A （十）单项填空