大学体验英语综合教程课堂辅导--词汇充电

大学体验英语综合教程课堂辅导-词汇充电

1 assess

v. ① to calculate or decide the value or amount of 估价，估计。 如： They assessed the value of the house at $60 000. 他们估价这所房子值六万美元。

② to judge the quality, importance, or worth of 评价，评定。 如： He’s so lazy that it’s difficult to assess his ability. 他懒惰得很难对他的能力做出评估。

【联想】 派生词 assessable adj. 可估定的, 可估价的; 可征税的, 应抽税的。｜ assessee

n. 财产已被估定的人｜ assessment n. 评价，估计｜ assessor n. 估价员，评税员，技术顾问 近义词 evaluate 评价，估计

【短语】assess sb.’s efforts 评价某人的工作｜ assess tax on sb.’s property 对某人的财产

征税

2 dilemma

n. ① A situation that requires a choice between options that are or seem equally unfavorable or mutually exclusive. 进退两难境地。 如： The doctor was in a dilemma as to whether to tell the patient the truth about his condition or not.

医生进退两难, 不知道是否该把病人的真实病情告诉他。

② A problem that seems to defy a satisfactory solution. 难题表面看来似乎不能取得满意解决的问题。 如： The ideas of how to help their company get out of dilemma occupied the proscenium of his mind. 他首先想的是怎样帮助他们的公司走出困境。 【联想】派生词 dilemmatic adj. 左右为难的。

【短语】be in a dilemma 左右为难｜ put sb. in/into a dilemma 使人左右为难; 使人进退

两难

3 distribution

v. ① an act of distributing or the state of being distributed 分发，分配，散布。如：The newspaper is having distribution problems, and in some parts of the country people are unable to buy it. 这家报纸在发行方面有问题，在国内某些地区人们买不到它。

② the position or arrangement of (members of a group) in space or time 分布。 如： The distribution of these animals has changed in the last century. 这些动物的分布范围在上个世纪起了变化。

【联想】派生词 distribute v. 分发，分配，分送， distributive adj. 分发的，分布的，分

配的， distributor n. 销售者，分销商，批发商 近义词 allotment n. 分配，配给，份额， assignment n. 分配，指派

【短语】ability distribution 能力分配｜ film distribution 影片发行 4 fancy

v. ① to have a liking for, wish for, be fond of 喜欢，想要。如：I don’t fancy going all that way in such bad weather. 我不喜欢在这样的坏天气里一直这么走着。

② to form a picture of, imagine 想象，设想。如：Fancy her saying a thing like that! 想不到她竟然说出这种话来!

【联想】派生词 fancied adj. 想象出来的｜ fancier n. 空想家｜ fanciful adj. 爱空想的,

想象出来的｜ fancily

adv. 空想地, 做作地 ｜ fanciness n. 空想, 做作 近义词 imagine 想象

【考题】Fancy _____ so many old friends here!

A. meet B. to meet C. met D. meeting

【详解】答案D。句意：想不到在这见到这么多的老朋友。 fancy 意为“想象，幻

想”， 后接动名词，用祈使句形式表示“真没想到竟会⋯!”

【短语】fancy oneself 自以为是

③ to believe without being certain; think 以为。如：I fancy I have met you before. 我想我以前或许见过你。n. ① a liking, esp. one formed without the help of reason 爱好，喜爱，迷恋。 如： I think young Peter has taken quite a fancy to that girl next door. 我想小彼得已经迷上了隔壁的那个女孩子。② imagination, esp. in a free and undirected form 想象，胡思乱想。如：She went wherever the/her fancy took her. 她随性所至想去哪里就去哪里。

【短语】take a fancy to 爱上， 爱好； have a fancy that 感到，揣想；have a fancy for

喜欢，想要

5 reign

v. ① be influential, prevail 占优势，盛行。 如： After the dictator’s death, anarchy and confusion reigned for several years. 独裁者死后，几年内一直是无政府状态和混乱。 ② to be the king or queen, esp. without holding real power 为王，为君。 如： The British Queen reigns but does not rule. 英国女王统而不治。

n. a period of reigning 君主统治时期。如：in the reign of Dao Guang 道光年间 【短语】under (in) the reign of ... 在⋯的统治下 6 sample

n. ① a small part representing the whole 样本，标本，实例。如：I’d like to see some samples of your work. 我想看看你作品的一些样品。

② a small amount of a product that allows one to find out what it is like 试用产品，样本。 如： They’re giving away free samples/sample bottles of this new kind of cooking oil. 他们正在免费赠送这种新食用油的样品。

v. ① to take and examine a sample of, test 检验，试尝，品尝。 如： I sampled the wine before giving it to the others. 我在把这酒给别人喝之前，自己先试尝了一下。

② to get to know about by experience, try out 体验，尝试。 如： She made us sample her cooking. 她让我们品尝她做的菜。

【联想】sampler n. 取样员, 样品检验员, 取样器

【考题】Once you _____ the pleasures of country life, you won’t want to live in the city.

A. have tested B. have tried C. have sampled D. have checked

【详解】答案C。句意：你一旦体验了乡村生活的乐趣就不会想在城里住了。test 试验,

检查, 考验, 探测；try 试图，努力，试做；check 检查, 核对,

【短语】be up to sample ( 货物) 符合样品规格 7 sidestep

v. ① avoid a blow, etc. by stepping to one side 避开，横跨一步以躲避(打击)。如： The champion sidestepped the challenger’s punch. 这位冠军横跨一步躲过了挑战者的一拳。 ② to avoid ( an unwelcome question, problem, etc., esp. dishonestly; evade) 避开，回避。 如： Politicians are good at neatly sidestepping reporters’ questions. 政客擅长于巧妙地回避记者提出的各种问题。 8 accommodate

v. ① to provide with a place in which to live or stay 向⋯提供住宿

② to have enough space for 容纳。 如： Are there enough shelves to accommodate all our book? 有足够的书架容纳我们的书吗?

③ to make changes that take account of the wishes or demands of 迎合，迁就。如：The Union has made every possible effort to accommodate the management. 工会竭力迁就厂方。

④ to supply with sth. that is needed, esp. money 供给，向⋯提供( 金钱)。如：The bank will accommodate you with a loan. 银行将提供一笔贷款帮助你解决困难。

【联想】派生词 accommodating adj. 随和的，乐于助人的；accommodations n. 膳宿，

座位，舱房；accommodation n. 住处，和解

【短语】accommodate... to 使⋯适应；accommodate oneself to 适应，顺应｜ accommodate

sb. with 向某人提供⋯

9 consist of

be made up of 由⋯组成，由⋯构成。如：The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 联合王国由大不列颠和北爱尔兰组成。 10 prefer

v. to choose (one thing or action) rather than another; like better 宁愿选择,更喜欢。如：I much prefer dogs to cats. 猫和狗之中我更喜欢狗.

【联想】派生词 preferable adj. 更好的, 更可取的｜ preference n. 偏爱, 更喜欢的东西,

优先权｜ preferential

adj. 优先的, 优惠的｜ preferment n. 优先, 提升｜ preferred adj. 首先的 【考题】He prefer_________.

A. to write his letters rather than dictating them B. to write his letters rather than dictate them C. writing his letters rather than dictate them

D. writing his letters rather than have dictated them

【详解】答案B. 句意：他宁愿自己写信, 而不喜欢口述笔录；表示 “宁愿⋯而不要⋯”

的意思时，如果是名词或动名词则二者之间用介词to/rather than; 如为不定式则只用rather than I prefer bananas to apples. 与苹果相比,我更喜欢香蕉. I prefer to walk rather than (to) cycle.= I would rather walk than cycle. 我宁愿步行也不骑自行车.其他单词与短语讲解

11 phenomenon

n. ① a fact, event etc. That exists and can be experienced by the senses, esp. one that is unusual and/or of scientific interest. ( 尤指不寻常或具科学性的) 现象。如：Magnetism is a natural phenomenon. 磁力是一种自然现象。

② a very unusual person, thing, event 特殊的人/事物/事件。如：A child who could play the piano at the age of two would indeed be a phenomenon. 一个两岁的小孩能弹钢琴, 会被认为是神童。 12 take root

begin to grow, become established 生根, 固定 13 base

n. the lowest or bottom part 基础，底座。如：You can take it as a base of comparison. 你可以此作为比较的根据。

n. a centre from which something is controlled and where plans are made 基地，根据地。如：The city will become an important industrial base of country. 这城市将成为我国重要的工业基地。

v. to place or establish; provide with a base or centre 以⋯为基础，建立在⋯。如：Socialism

based itself upon materialism. 社会主义是建立在唯物论基础上的。

【短语】at the base of 在根部 base one’s hope on 把希望建立在⋯基础上 off base 大错 【考题】Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion for we need to have factual

knowledge ________ our thinking.

A. which to be based on B. which to base upon C. upon which to base D. to which to be based

【详解】答案C。句意：没有事实，我们不能形成一个有真正价值的意见，因为我们需

要有确凿的了解我们思考的依据。base A on/upon B 把A 建立在B 的基础上

14 expansion

n. the act or process of expanding or being expanded 扩张，膨胀。如：the company’s expansion into new markets 公司向新市场的扩展【联想】派生词 expand v. 扩大，膨胀｜ expansionism n. 扩张主义｜ expansionist n./adj. 扩张主义者/扩张主义的 15 representative

n. a person who has been chosen to act in place of one or more others 代表, 代理人。如：an elected representative of the people 一位人民选出的代表

adj. typical; being an example of what other members of the same group or type are like 典型

的, 代表性的。如：a representative sample 典型样品｜Are your opinions representative of those of the other students? 你们的意见代表其他的学生吗?

【联想】派生词 represent v. 代表, 宣称, 表现｜ representation n. 代表, 象征, 描述,

陈述｜ representational adj. 表象的

【考题】I couldn’t present myself, but I sent my ______to the meeting.

A. delegate B. specimen C. representative D. representation

【详解】答案C。句意：我不能亲自出席会议, 但我会派代表去的。 delegate 经过选

举或任命而代表某个群体参加会议或组织的代表；specimen“样本, 样品”，指物不指人；representation 做“代表”讲时, 表示总称, 不指某个具体的人。

16 point out

① to show who or what (a particular person or thing) is, esp.by pointing 把⋯指出来(给⋯看)。如：I pointed out to him where I used to live. 我把我过去住的地方指给他看。 ② to draw attention to the fact 指出,指明。如：May I point out that if we don’t leave now we shall miss the bus. 我想指出, 我们如果现在不走, 就会赶不上公共汽车了。 17 overcome

v. ① to fight successfully ; defeat 征服, 战胜。如：to overcome the enemy 打败敌人 ② to make helpless; defeat esp. by smoke or fumes, or by feelings 被( 烟雾、感情等) 压

倒, 使无能为力。如：She was overcome by the smoke. 她被烟熏倒。｜ He is overcome with homesickness. 他非常想家。

18 sweet-talk

vi., vt. 甜言蜜语；奉承[巴结] 19 inhibited

adj. (of a person or their character) unable to express what one really feels or do what one

really wants拘谨的(人及个性)。 如： The young ladies of the public relation are too inhibited to laugh freely. 公关小姐们抑制自己不随便大笑。

【联想】派生词 inhibit v. 阻止, 抑制, 使( 某人) 拘谨｜ inhibition n. 禁止, 阻止,

顾忌

20 in front of

① in a position directly before 在⋯的正前面。如：A van was parked right in front of my car. 一辆货车正好停 在我的汽车前面.

② in the presence of 当⋯的面, 有⋯在场。如：You shouldn’t use such bad language in front of the children. 在孩子们面前,你不应该说这种粗话.｜ Use “in front of” when one thing is separate from the other 当一事物与另一事物分开时用 in front of。如：She ran out in front of the bus. 她在公共汽车的前面跑。｜ Use“in the front of” when one thing is inside or part of the other 当一物体处在另一物体之中或成为其中的一部分用 in the front of。如：She got a seat in the front of the bus. 她在公共汽车的前部找了个座位。 21 run into

fall into, get into (a difficult or unpleasant situation) 陷入( 困境), 遇到( 困难) 【考题】The U.N. peace-keeping mission ______grave troubles in Somalia.

A. ran into B. brought about C. got hold of D. lived up to

【详解】答案A。句意：联合国的维和部队在索马里陷入极大的困境之中。bring about 引

起, 导致, 造成 gethold of 接通 live up to 保持⋯的高水平, 遵守, 符合

22 turn out

prove to be , be in the end 结果是⋯; 发展为⋯

【考题】The French pianist who had been praised very highly ______to be a great

disappointment.

A. turned up B. turned in C. turned out D. turned down

【详解】答案C。句意：那个曾经受到很高评价的法国钢琴家结果却使人们大为失望。turn

out 结果是；turn in 交出，上缴；turn up 开大，调高；turn down 关小, 调低, 拒绝

23 send out 放射( 光、热等); 放出 , 生出, 长出( 芽、叶等) , 发出, 寄出; 送发( 货物、函件等) , ( 与for 连用) 派人去取( 某物); 通知把( 某物) 送来。如：The satellite is sending out radio signals. 卫星正在发射无线电信号。

【短语】send on 转送( 文件)，转寄，预派( 某人) 先行，送( 某人) 先去；send off 寄出，

驱逐，送别，给⋯送行，罚某人退场；send for 派人去叫 , 派人去取 , 要求送货；send back 退还，送还

24 extend

v. ① (of space, land, time,etc.) to reach, stretch, or continue ( 空间, 时间等) 延伸, 延续。如：We extended the meeting another 15 minutes. 我们把会议又延长15 分钟。

② to make longer or greater, esp. so as to reach a desired point 延长, 扩展, 达到( 某一点)。如：Now they are planning to extend the area of their pastures. 现在他们正计划扩大牧场的面积。

③ to give or offer to someone 给予, 提供。如：He always extended a helping hand to us. 他经常给我们帮忙。

【联想】派生词 extended adj. 伸出的, 延长的, 扩大的｜ extension n. 伸长, 伸展, 扩

大｜ extensive adj. 伸展的, 可延长的 近义词 hold out, stretch out, enlarge, expand

【考题】The builders ______ the road for three more miles.

A. expanded B. extended C. expended D. enlarged

【详解】答案B。句意：筑路工将这条路又延长了3 英里多。extend 为直线状 “延伸”，

又引申为扩展范围，领域等，本句指路的延伸，延长。expand 膨胀，扩张；expend 花费，消耗；enlarge 多指体积，大小，能力等的扩大

25 turn-off

something that causes one to feel dislike or lose interest 令人厌烦的事物 26 Hindi

adj. 北印度的 n. 北印度语 27 Gujarati

adj ( 印度) 古吉拉特(Gujarat) 的 , 古吉拉特人的 , 古吉拉特语的 28 Tamil

n. 泰米尔人, 泰米尔语

adj. 泰米尔语的, 泰米尔人的 29 contrary to

completely different 完全相反的。如：Contrary to all our advice, he gave up his job. 他不听我们大家的劝告,辞去了工作。 30 Mandarin language 普通话 31 local vernacular 当地文字 32 cultural norms 文化的准则 33 display

v. ① to show 显露，流露，显示。如：He displayed originality amounting almost to genius. 他表现出几乎可称之为天才的创造力.

② to arrange or spread out for public view 陈列,展览,摆出。如：In the galleries are displayed over 8 000 priceless relics. 在陈列室里展出8 000 多件贵重无比的古迹遗物. n. an act of displaying sth. or sth. that is displayed 陈列, 展览, 炫耀, 陈列品, 展览品。如：He made a display of his learning. 他卖弄学识。｜We were amazed by the rich variety of commodities on display. 展出的商品花色品种非常多, 我们惊诧不已。 【短语】on display 展出