In English, a sentence can be divided into different components, including subject, verb, object, complement, and adverbial.
The subject of a sentence is the person, thing, or idea that is doing or being something. It typically comes before the verb. For example, in the sentence "John is eating an apple," "John" is the subject.
The verb is the action or state of being in the sentence. It indicates what the subject is doing or being. In the example above, "is eating" is the verb.
The object is the person or thing that is affected by the action of the verb. It typically comes after the verb. In the sentence "John is eating an apple," "apple" is the object.
The complement is a word or group of words that completes the meaning of the subject or object. It can be an adjective, noun, or pronoun. In the sentence "She looks happy," "happy" is the complement.
The adverbial provides additional information about the verb, adjective, or adverb in the sentence. It can answer questions such as "when," "where," "how," or "why." For example, in the sentence "He ran quickly to catch the bus," "quickly" is the adverbial, providing information about how he ran.